Aryans invade from Central Asia .
516 BC
Alexander the Great invades Pakistan
272 - 236 BC
Mauryan Emperor Ashoka promotes Buddhism.
185 BC
Bactrian Greeks conquer northwest Pakistan
75 BC
Arrival of Scythians (Sakas) from Central Asia .
20 AD
Parthians conquer northern Pakistan
60 AD
Kushans from Central Asia overthrow the Parthians.
3rd Century
Kushans decline and are dominated by the Sassanian Empire of
Persia
4th Century
Kidar (Little) Kushans come to power.
445
White Huns invade Gandhara and are converted to Hinduism, possibly
as the Rajput warrior caste.
565
Sassanians and Turks overthrow Huns.
Late 6th - 7th Century
Turki Shahis control area west of Indus , including Gandhara.
711
Mohammad Bin Qasim conquers Sindh and southern Punjab
870
Hindu Shahis arrive from Central Asia
1001 - 26
Mahmud
of Ghaznavi invades.
Mass conversions to Islam.
1034 -1337Mass conversions to Islam.
Sindh ruled by Sumrahs, a Sindhi tribe
1150
Mohammad Ghuri destroys the Kingdome of Mahmud Ghaznavi.
1194
Mohammad Ghuri makes Delhi
1206 - 1526
Delhi Sultanate established by Ilbari Dynasty
At the time of Muhammd Ghuri's death in 1206 (had no sons), Qutbuddin Aibak was inLahore
1221At the time of Muhammd Ghuri's death in 1206 (had no sons), Qutbuddin Aibak was in
The Mongol, Genghiz Khan invades Punjab
1290-1320 Khalji Dynasty
Marks the end of the Turks rule.
Among the Khaljis, Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316) reign is known for revenue reforms, market regulations and conquests.
1320-1412 Tuqhluq DynastyAmong the Khaljis, Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316) reign is known for revenue reforms, market regulations and conquests.
Tuqhluq were from 'Qarauna Turk' tribe.
Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughluq Shah (Ghazi Malik) founder of third dynasty of the Sultanate.
Among the Tughluq dynastry, Mohammad Tughluq and Firuz Tughluq are most popular.
1337Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughluq Shah (Ghazi Malik) founder of third dynasty of the Sultanate.
Among the Tughluq dynastry, Mohammad Tughluq and Firuz Tughluq are most popular.
Sammah Rajputs overthrow the Sumrahs in Sindh
1398-9
Tamerlane invades from Central Asia
1414-51 The Saiyids
Khizr Khan was the founder of the Saiyid dynasty.
Alauddin Alam Shah was the last ruler.
1451-1526 The LodhisAlauddin Alam Shah was the last ruler.
Lodhis were Afghans
Bahlol Lodhi was the founder of this dynasty.
The last Lodhi Sultan, Ibrahim Ladhi (1517-26) was killed by Babur in the first battle of Panipat.
1526Bahlol Lodhi was the founder of this dynasty.
The last Lodhi Sultan, Ibrahim Ladhi (1517-26) was killed by Babur in the first battle of Panipat.
The Sultanate of Delhi ended.
Babur defeats the Lodis, the last of theDelhi
Tarkhans capture power in Sindh.
1524Babur defeats the Lodis, the last of the
Tarkhans capture power in Sindh.
Babur, first Mughal emperor, rais Punjab
Sindh conquered by Shah Beg Arghun fromKandahar
Amir Chakar Rind unites Balochi tribes and defeats Sammahs.
1527 - 1857 The Mughal EmpireSindh conquered by Shah Beg Arghun from
Amir Chakar Rind unites Balochi tribes and defeats Sammahs.
Zahiruddin Mohammad Babur son of Umar Shaikh Mirza -- The first
Mughal Emeror (1526-30) and founder of the Mughal empire in India
March 16 -- A decisive battle took place with Rana Songa of Mewar, a powerful Rajput prince.
Babur's autobiography Tuzuk-i-Bauri (Babur Namah) written in Turki.
1530March 16 -- A decisive battle took place with Rana Songa of Mewar, a powerful Rajput prince.
Babur's autobiography Tuzuk-i-Bauri (Babur Namah) written in Turki.
December 26 -- Babur died in Agra
Humyun become the Mughal emperor.
Humayun reign 1530, 40, 1555-6.
1540Humyun become the Mughal emperor.
Humayun reign 1530, 40, 1555-6.
Suri Dynasty (1540-55)
Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in the battles of Chausa and Kanauj and became the emperor.
Humayun is forced into exile inPersia
1545Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayun in the battles of Chausa and Kanauj and became the emperor.
Humayun is forced into exile in
Death of Sher Shah Suri.
1555
Humayun regains empire.
1556
Akbar, son of Humayun, is emperor (1556-1605)
Humayun died after falling from his library (Sher Mandil) stairs.
Thirteen years old Humayun's son Akbar becomes the emperor.
Akbar is famous for his liberal policies especially towards non-Muslims.
Akbar contributed greatly in Indian music. Tansen was the most accomplished musician of that days.
1527Humayun died after falling from his library (Sher Mandil) stairs.
Thirteen years old Humayun's son Akbar becomes the emperor.
Akbar is famous for his liberal policies especially towards non-Muslims.
Akbar contributed greatly in Indian music. Tansen was the most accomplished musician of that days.
Jahangir is emperor (1605-27)
After Akbar, his son Salim becomes emperor. Salim took the title of Jehagir (Conqueror of the world).
Jehangir's reign consider be the peak of Mughal rule (and his son's reign).
1528After Akbar, his son Salim becomes emperor. Salim took the title of Jehagir (Conqueror of the world).
Jehangir's reign consider be the peak of Mughal rule (and his son's reign).
Sha Jahan is emperor (1627-59)
After Jehangir, his son Khurram becomes the empror of Mughal emperor. Khurram took the title of Shah Jehan (Emperor of the World)
The Mughal Empire was at its zenith during Shah Jehan's rule.
1583After Jehangir, his son Khurram becomes the empror of Mughal emperor. Khurram took the title of Shah Jehan (Emperor of the World)
The Mughal Empire was at its zenith during Shah Jehan's rule.
Queen Elizabeth I dispatched the ship Tyger to the sub-continent
to exploit opportunities for trade.
1614
The British East India Company opens its first office in Bombay
1658
Aurangzeb Alamgir is emperor (1658-1707).
Sikhs organize as a warrior sect.
1707Sikhs organize as a warrior sect.
Aurangzeb Alamgir died.
His death regards as the beginning of the end of Mughal empires.
Aurangzeb Alamgir's son bahadur Shah Zafar becomes the last emperor of Mughal dynastry.
1736His death regards as the beginning of the end of Mughal empires.
Aurangzeb Alamgir's son bahadur Shah Zafar becomes the last emperor of Mughal dynastry.
Founding of Kalhora Dynasty in Sindh
1739
Nadir Shah of Persia
1747-73
Ahmad Shah Durrani founds the Kingdom of Afghanistan Indus territories, Punjab and Kashmir .
1757
The battle of Plassey is considered a major breakthrough for the
Britishers in the Subcontinent.
1707 - 1762
Shah wali Ullah's Reform Movement.
1760-1830
Sikhs become dominate force in Pubjab.
1789
Talpur Balochis overthrow Kalhora Dynazty in Sindh
1799-1839
Ranjit Singh rules Punjab from Lahore
1830
Faraizi Movement (1830-57)
1843
British annex Sindh.
First British-Afghan War
1845-6First British-Afghan War
First British-Sikh War
1848-9
The British defeat the Sikhs in Second Sikh War, annex Punjab and NWFP
1857
First War of Independence
1858
British government assumes direct rule of British East India
Company lands, establishes British Raj
Aligarh Movement (1858-98)
1866Aligarh Movement (1858-98)
Deoband Movement (1866-1947)
1884
Anjuman Himayat-i-Islam, Lahore
1885
Establishment of Indian National Congress
1887
All districts of Balochistan in British hands
1889
British establish Gilgit Agency
1891
British conquer Hunza and Nagar
1894
Nadva-tul-'Ulama of Lucknow (1894-1947)
1906
December 30 -- The annual meeting of Mohammadan Educational
Conference held at Dacca
All India Muslim League founded as forum for Indian Muslim separatism
1916All India Muslim League founded as forum for Indian Muslim separatism
The Lucknow
1919
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)
1930
Mohammad Iqbal proposes creation of separate Muslim state
1940
Lahore Resolution, which endorses idea of separate nation for India Pakistan
1947
June 3 -- the British Government accepted the idea of partition of
India
July 18 -- The British Parliament passes the Indian Independence Act.
July 19 -- Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan (1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister.
August 14 -- Birth of Pakistan, consisting ofEast
Bengal , a part
of Assam West Punjab , Sind , NWFP and Baluchistan .
Some 15 million people flee religious persecution, Muslim fleeing to East andWest Pakistan , while Hindus flee to India
Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, the Government of India Act, 1935 (with certain adaptations) becomes constitution ofPakistan
Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister [1947-1951]
Liaquat Ali Khan's contributions to the struggle for independence were numerous. After independence, he was thus the natural choice for the premiership. Liaquat Ali Khan was appointed as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan.
Being the first Prime Minister of the country, Liaquat Ali Khan had to deal with a number of difficulties that Pakistan faced in its early days. He helped Quaid-i-Azam in solving the riots and refugee problem and in setting up an effective administrative system for the country. He established the groundwork for Pakistan's foreign policy. He also took steps towards the formulation of the constitution. He presented The Objectives Resolution, a prelude to future constitutions, in the Legislative Assembly. The house passed it on March 12, 1949. It is considered to be the "Magna Carta" in Pakistan's constitutional history. Liaquat Ali Khan called it "the most important occasion in the life of this country, next in importance, only to the achievement of independence". Under his leadership a team also drafted the first report of the Basic Principle Committee and work began on the second report.
During his tenure, India and Pakistan agreed to resolve the dispute of Kashmir in a peaceful manner through the efforts of the United Nations. According to this agreement a ceasefire was affected in Kashmir in January 1948. It was decided that a free and impartial plebiscite would be held under the supervision of the
After the death of Quaid-i-Azam, he tried to fill the vacuum created by the departure of the Father of the Nation. The problem of religious minorities flared during late 1949 and early 1950, and it seemed as if India and Pakistan were about to fight their second war in the first three years of their independence. At this critical moment in the history of South Asia, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan met Nehru to sign the Liaquat-Nehru Pact in 1950. The Liaquat-Nehru Pact was an effort on his part to improve relations and reduce tension between India and Pakistan. In May 1951, he visited the United States and set the course of Pakistan's foreign policy towards closer ties with the West. An important event during his premiership was the establishment of National Bank of Pakistan in November 1949, and the installation of a paper currency mill in Karachi.
Liaquat Ali Khan was unfortunately assassinated on October 16, 1951. Security forces immediately shot the assassin, who was later identified as Saad Akbar. The question of who was behind his murder is yet to be answered.
The government officially gave Liaquat Ali Khan the title of Shaheed-i-Millat
August 15 -- Quid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) of Muslim League becomes first governor-general and Liaquat Ali Khan(1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister of the new nation.
1948July 18 -- The British Parliament passes the Indian Independence Act.
July 19 -- Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan (1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister.
August 14 -- Birth of Pakistan, consisting of
Some 15 million people flee religious persecution, Muslim fleeing to East and
Under Section 8 of the Indian Independence Act, 1947, the Government of India Act, 1935 (with certain adaptations) becomes constitution of
Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime Minister [1947-1951]
Liaquat Ali Khan's contributions to the struggle for independence were numerous. After independence, he was thus the natural choice for the premiership. Liaquat Ali Khan was appointed as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan.
Being the first Prime Minister of the country, Liaquat Ali Khan had to deal with a number of difficulties that Pakistan faced in its early days. He helped Quaid-i-Azam in solving the riots and refugee problem and in setting up an effective administrative system for the country. He established the groundwork for Pakistan's foreign policy. He also took steps towards the formulation of the constitution. He presented The Objectives Resolution, a prelude to future constitutions, in the Legislative Assembly. The house passed it on March 12, 1949. It is considered to be the "Magna Carta" in Pakistan's constitutional history. Liaquat Ali Khan called it "the most important occasion in the life of this country, next in importance, only to the achievement of independence". Under his leadership a team also drafted the first report of the Basic Principle Committee and work began on the second report.
During his tenure, India and Pakistan agreed to resolve the dispute of Kashmir in a peaceful manner through the efforts of the United Nations. According to this agreement a ceasefire was affected in Kashmir in January 1948. It was decided that a free and impartial plebiscite would be held under the supervision of the
After the death of Quaid-i-Azam, he tried to fill the vacuum created by the departure of the Father of the Nation. The problem of religious minorities flared during late 1949 and early 1950, and it seemed as if India and Pakistan were about to fight their second war in the first three years of their independence. At this critical moment in the history of South Asia, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan met Nehru to sign the Liaquat-Nehru Pact in 1950. The Liaquat-Nehru Pact was an effort on his part to improve relations and reduce tension between India and Pakistan. In May 1951, he visited the United States and set the course of Pakistan's foreign policy towards closer ties with the West. An important event during his premiership was the establishment of National Bank of Pakistan in November 1949, and the installation of a paper currency mill in Karachi.
Liaquat Ali Khan was unfortunately assassinated on October 16, 1951. Security forces immediately shot the assassin, who was later identified as Saad Akbar. The question of who was behind his murder is yet to be answered.
The government officially gave Liaquat Ali Khan the title of Shaheed-i-Millat
August 15 -- Quid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) of Muslim League becomes first governor-general and Liaquat Ali Khan(1895-1951) of Muslim League becomes the first Prime Minister of the new nation.
September 11 -- Quid-e-Azam Dies and Kashmir Crisis Starts.
September 14 -- Cheif Minister ofBengal Khwaja
Nazimuddin (1894-1964) of
Muslim League becomes second governor-general.
The first war withIndia Kashmir
1949September 14 -- Cheif Minister of
The first war with
March 12 -- Objectives Resolution passes moved by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan.
On March 12, 1949, the Constituent Assembly adopted a resolution moved by Liaquat Ali Khan, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan. It was called the Objectives Resolution. It proclaimed that the future constitution of Pakistan would not be modeled on European pattern, but on the ideology and democratic faith of Islam.
The Objectives Resolution, which is considered to be the "Magna Carta" of Pakistan's constitutional history, proclaimed the following principles:
1. Sovereignty belongs to Allah alone but He has delegated it to the State of Pakistan through its people for being exercised within the limits prescribed by Him as a sacred trust.
2. The State shall exercise its powers and authority through the chosen representatives of the people.
3. The principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed.
4. Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective spheres in accordance with the teachings of Islam as set out in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
5. Adequate provision shall be made for the minorities to freely profess and practice their religions and develop their cultures.
6. Pakistan shall be a federation.
7. Fundamental rights shall be guaranteed.
8. Judiciary shall be independent.
The Objectives Resolution is one of the most important and illuminating documents in the constitutional history of Pakistan. At the time it was passed, Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan called it "the most important occasion in the life of this country, next in importance only to the achievement of independence".
The importance of this document lies in the fact that it combines the good features of Western and Islamic democracy. It is a happy blend of modernism and Islam. The Objectives Resolution became a part of the constitution of Pakistan in 1985 under the Eighth Amendment.
1950
At the time of independence, many communal riots broke out in different areas of India and Pakistan. These riots had a great impact on the status of minorities in the two nations. Due to brutal killings by the majority community, a huge number of Muslims migrated from India, and Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan. Yet, the mass migration failed to solve the minority problem. Even after the migration, almost half of the Muslims living in the Sub-continent were left in India and a sizable number of Hindus in Pakistan. Those who were left behind were unable to become an integral part of the societies they were living in. The people and government of their countries looked upon them as suspects. They were unable to assure their countrymen of their loyalty.
This problem escalated during the late 40's and early 50's. It seemed as if India and Pakistan were about to fight their second war in the first three years of their independence. At this critical juncture in the history of South Asia, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan issued a statement emphasizing the need to reach a solution to the problem. He also proposed a meeting with his Indian counterpart to determine how to put an end to the communal riots and the fear of war.
The two Prime Ministers met in Delhi on April 2, 1950, and discussed the matter in detail. The meeting lasted for six long days. On April 8, the two leaders signed an agreement, which was later entitled as Liaquat-Nehru Pact. This pact provided a 'bill of rights' for the minorities of India and Pakistan. Its aim was to address the following three issues:
1. To alleviate the fears of the religious minorities on both sides.
2. To elevate communal peace.
3. To create an atmosphere in which the two countries could resolve their other differences.
According to the agreement, the governments of India and Pakistan solemnly agreed that each shall ensure, to the minorities throughout its territories, complete equality of citizenship, irrespective of religion; a full sense of security in respect of life, culture, property and personal honor.
It also guaranteed fundamental human rights of the minorities, such as freedom of movement, speech, occupation and worship. The pact also provided for the minorities to participate in the public life of their country, to hold political or other offices and to serve in their country's civil and armed forces.
The Liaquat-Nehru Pact provided for the mechanism to deal with oppressive elements with an iron hand. Both the governments decided to set up minority commissions in their countries with the aim of observing and reporting on the implementation of the pact, to ensure that no one breaches the pact and to make recommendations to guarantee its enforcement. Both Minority Commissions were to be headed by a provincial minister and were to have Hindu and Muslim members among its ranks. India and Pakistan also agreed to include representatives of the minority community in the cabinet of the two Bengals, and decided to depute two central ministers, one from each government, to remain in the affected areas for such period as might be necessary. Both the leaders emphasized that the loyalty of the minorities should be reserved for the state in which they were living and for the solution of their problems they should look forward to the government of the country they were living in.
This pact was broadly acknowledged as an optimistic beginning to improve relations between India and Pakistan.
1951On March 12, 1949, the Constituent Assembly adopted a resolution moved by Liaquat Ali Khan, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan. It was called the Objectives Resolution. It proclaimed that the future constitution of Pakistan would not be modeled on European pattern, but on the ideology and democratic faith of Islam.
The Objectives Resolution, which is considered to be the "Magna Carta" of Pakistan's constitutional history, proclaimed the following principles:
1. Sovereignty belongs to Allah alone but He has delegated it to the State of Pakistan through its people for being exercised within the limits prescribed by Him as a sacred trust.
2. The State shall exercise its powers and authority through the chosen representatives of the people.
3. The principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice, as enunciated by Islam, shall be fully observed.
4. Muslims shall be enabled to order their lives in the individual and collective spheres in accordance with the teachings of Islam as set out in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
5. Adequate provision shall be made for the minorities to freely profess and practice their religions and develop their cultures.
6. Pakistan shall be a federation.
7. Fundamental rights shall be guaranteed.
8. Judiciary shall be independent.
The Objectives Resolution is one of the most important and illuminating documents in the constitutional history of Pakistan. At the time it was passed, Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan called it "the most important occasion in the life of this country, next in importance only to the achievement of independence".
The importance of this document lies in the fact that it combines the good features of Western and Islamic democracy. It is a happy blend of modernism and Islam. The Objectives Resolution became a part of the constitution of Pakistan in 1985 under the Eighth Amendment.
1950
At the time of independence, many communal riots broke out in different areas of India and Pakistan. These riots had a great impact on the status of minorities in the two nations. Due to brutal killings by the majority community, a huge number of Muslims migrated from India, and Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan. Yet, the mass migration failed to solve the minority problem. Even after the migration, almost half of the Muslims living in the Sub-continent were left in India and a sizable number of Hindus in Pakistan. Those who were left behind were unable to become an integral part of the societies they were living in. The people and government of their countries looked upon them as suspects. They were unable to assure their countrymen of their loyalty.
This problem escalated during the late 40's and early 50's. It seemed as if India and Pakistan were about to fight their second war in the first three years of their independence. At this critical juncture in the history of South Asia, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan issued a statement emphasizing the need to reach a solution to the problem. He also proposed a meeting with his Indian counterpart to determine how to put an end to the communal riots and the fear of war.
The two Prime Ministers met in Delhi on April 2, 1950, and discussed the matter in detail. The meeting lasted for six long days. On April 8, the two leaders signed an agreement, which was later entitled as Liaquat-Nehru Pact. This pact provided a 'bill of rights' for the minorities of India and Pakistan. Its aim was to address the following three issues:
1. To alleviate the fears of the religious minorities on both sides.
2. To elevate communal peace.
3. To create an atmosphere in which the two countries could resolve their other differences.
According to the agreement, the governments of India and Pakistan solemnly agreed that each shall ensure, to the minorities throughout its territories, complete equality of citizenship, irrespective of religion; a full sense of security in respect of life, culture, property and personal honor.
It also guaranteed fundamental human rights of the minorities, such as freedom of movement, speech, occupation and worship. The pact also provided for the minorities to participate in the public life of their country, to hold political or other offices and to serve in their country's civil and armed forces.
The Liaquat-Nehru Pact provided for the mechanism to deal with oppressive elements with an iron hand. Both the governments decided to set up minority commissions in their countries with the aim of observing and reporting on the implementation of the pact, to ensure that no one breaches the pact and to make recommendations to guarantee its enforcement. Both Minority Commissions were to be headed by a provincial minister and were to have Hindu and Muslim members among its ranks. India and Pakistan also agreed to include representatives of the minority community in the cabinet of the two Bengals, and decided to depute two central ministers, one from each government, to remain in the affected areas for such period as might be necessary. Both the leaders emphasized that the loyalty of the minorities should be reserved for the state in which they were living and for the solution of their problems they should look forward to the government of the country they were living in.
This pact was broadly acknowledged as an optimistic beginning to improve relations between India and Pakistan.
October 16 -- Liaquat Ali
Khan assassinated in Rawalpindi
October 17 -- Finance Minister Ghulam Mohammad (1895-1956) of Muslim League becomes the third Governor General.
Governor General Khawaja Nazimuddin of Muslim League becomes second Prime Minister.
1952October 17 -- Finance Minister Ghulam Mohammad (1895-1956) of Muslim League becomes the third Governor General.
Governor General Khawaja Nazimuddin of Muslim League becomes second Prime Minister.
December 22 -- The second draft of the Basic Principle Committee
presents to the Constituent Assembly.
1953
April 17 -- Malik Ghulam Mohammad dismisses the Khawaja
Nazimuddin.
(Important note: This is this act of Ghulam Mohammad that sets an unhealthy tradition and precedent in Pakistan of Presidents removing ELECTED governments. This tradition is later carried on by various Presidents creating a continuous instability in thePakistan
April 17 -- A not well-known leader ofEast Pakistan Mohammad Ali Bogra (1909-1963 ) of Muslim League, who was
then Pakistani Ambassador to United State
1954(Important note: This is this act of Ghulam Mohammad that sets an unhealthy tradition and precedent in Pakistan of Presidents removing ELECTED governments. This tradition is later carried on by various Presidents creating a continuous instability in the
April 17 -- A not well-known leader of
May 1954
-- Governor General Ghulam Mohammad appointed Iskander Mirza (1899-1969) as Governor of East
Pakistan. In order to established the peace in East Pakistan , the first step he took as Governor was
to order the arrest of 319 persons, including Mujib al Rahman and Yusuf Ali
Choudhury. By mid June, the number of persons arrested had reached 1051,
including 33 assembly members and two Dhaka University Professors. So, in a way Iskander Mirza had sown a permanent seed of hatred
for the Central government in the heats of East Pakistani people.
October 24 -- Malik Ghulam Mohammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly of Mohammad Ali Bogra and declares a state of emergency.
Pakistan U.S. Pakistan
1955October 24 -- Malik Ghulam Mohammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly of Mohammad Ali Bogra and declares a state of emergency.
August 11 -- Bogra resigns and Chaudhary Mohammad Ali (1905-1963) of Muslim League becomes
appointed forth Prime Minister.
October 6 -- Governor-General Ghulam Mohammad resigns.
October 6 -- Iskander Mirza (1899-1969) of Military becomes the fourth and last Governor General.
1956October 6 -- Governor-General Ghulam Mohammad resigns.
October 6 -- Iskander Mirza (1899-1969) of Military becomes the fourth and last Governor General.
March 23 -- Constitution take on and proclaims Pakistan West Pakistan and East Pakistan (note that the concept of one unit was
there in constitution.).
March 23 -- Iskander Mirza of Republican Party becomes first president.
September 12 -- Chaudhry Mohammad Ali resigns and after the adoption of the constitution, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (1893-1963) of Awami League becomes the fifth Prime Minister.
1957March 23 -- Iskander Mirza of Republican Party becomes first president.
September 12 -- Chaudhry Mohammad Ali resigns and after the adoption of the constitution, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (1893-1963) of Awami League becomes the fifth Prime Minister.
October 17 -- Suhrawardy resigns, due to President's refusal
to convene a meeting of the parliament to seek a vote of confidence.
October 17 -- The Law Minister in the Federal Cabinet Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar (1897-1960) of Muslim League becomes sixth Prime Minister.
December 11 -- I. I. Chundrigar was Forced to resign since he failed to maintain the support of his coalition partners and thus becomes the only Prime Minister of Pakistan for less than two months.
December 16 -- Malik Feroze Khan Noon (1893-1970) of Republican Party takes over the office of Prime Minister and becomes the seventh prime minister.
1958October 17 -- The Law Minister in the Federal Cabinet Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar (1897-1960) of Muslim League becomes sixth Prime Minister.
December 11 -- I. I. Chundrigar was Forced to resign since he failed to maintain the support of his coalition partners and thus becomes the only Prime Minister of Pakistan for less than two months.
December 16 -- Malik Feroze Khan Noon (1893-1970) of Republican Party takes over the office of Prime Minister and becomes the seventh prime minister.
October 7 -- President Iskander Mirza abrogates Constitution and with the
help of Gen. Ayub Khan, the Chief Martial Law Administrator, enforces the first
martial law as a response to rebellions in East Pakistan .
Military coup -- Chief of the army staff takes over and declares martial law.
October 24 -- Gen. Mohammad Ayub Khan (1907-1974) of Military becomes eighth Prime Minister and resign from the office of chief martial law administrator.
October 27 -- Iskander Mirza's Presidency ends and sent into exile.
October 27 -- Gen. (Mohammad Ayub Khan) of Military assumes presidency and becomes second president.
October 28 -- Ayub Khan resigns from prime ministership.
1962Military coup -- Chief of the army staff takes over and declares martial law.
October 24 -- Gen. Mohammad Ayub Khan (1907-1974) of Military becomes eighth Prime Minister and resign from the office of chief martial law administrator.
October 27 -- Iskander Mirza's Presidency ends and sent into exile.
October 27 -- Gen. (Mohammad Ayub Khan) of Military assumes presidency and becomes second president.
October 28 -- Ayub Khan resigns from prime ministership.
Constitution Adopted (second time).
Gen. Mohammad Ayub Khan of Military becomes president.
1965Gen. Mohammad Ayub Khan of Military becomes president.
August -- Second war between India Pakistan Kashmir
1966
January 10 -- Gen Ayub Khan and Indian prime minister Lal Bahadur
Shastri signed the cease-fire agreement in Tashkent , Uzbekistan USSR
The cease-fire agreement led to the resigning of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Ayub Khan's talented Minister of Foreign Affairs.
1969The cease-fire agreement led to the resigning of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Ayub Khan's talented Minister of Foreign Affairs.
March 25 -- Ayub Khan handed his place over to Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan (1907-1980), who promised return to
civilian rule. He is the first chief martial law administrator (March 25, 1969
through March 31, 1969).
Martial law declared by military chief Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan.
March 25 -- Gen. Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan of Military takes over and becomes the third president.
March 27 -- Gen Ayub Khan resigns from office of Prime Minister.
1970Martial law declared by military chief Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan.
March 25 -- Gen. Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan of Military takes over and becomes the third president.
March 27 -- Gen Ayub Khan resigns from office of Prime Minister.
First general elections.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Awami League acquires absolute majority in new National Assembly.
West Pakistan-dominated government headed by military chief Yahya Khan Declines to assemble assembly.
1971Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Awami League acquires absolute majority in new National Assembly.
West Pakistan-dominated government headed by military chief Yahya Khan Declines to assemble assembly.
Civil war begins in
Pakistani military surrenders to Indian armed forces.
December 7 -- Nurul Amin (1893-1974) of Pakistan People's Party becomes ninth prime minister.
December 20 -- Nurul Amin resigns.
December 20 -- President (military chief) Yahya Khan resigns.
December 20 -- Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (1928-1979) of Pakistan Peoples Party becomes fourth president of
President
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and India Pakistan India
1973
New constitution goes into effect (Third time).
August 13 -- Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto resigns from presidency.
August 14 -- Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan People's Party becomes tenth prime minister.
August 14 -- Fazal Elahi Chaudhry (1904-1982) of Pakistan People's Party becomes fifth President.
1974August 13 -- Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto resigns from presidency.
August 14 -- Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan People's Party becomes tenth prime minister.
August 14 -- Fazal Elahi Chaudhry (1904-1982) of Pakistan People's Party becomes fifth President.
May - India India
Prime Minister Z. A. Bhutto's government begins nuclear program.
1976Prime Minister Z. A. Bhutto's government begins nuclear program.
Diplomatic ties established between Pakistan Bangladesh
1977
Riots erupt over allegations of rigging of general election by
Pakistan Peoples Party.
Gen. Mohammad Zia ul-Haq (1924-1988) of Military declares martial law.
July 5 -- Gen. Zia ul-Haq of Military becomes eleventh prime minister.
1978Gen. Mohammad Zia ul-Haq (1924-1988) of Military declares martial law.
July 5 -- Gen. Zia ul-Haq of Military becomes eleventh prime minister.
September 16 -- President Fazal Elahi
Chaudhry resigns
September 16 -- Gen. Zia ul-Haq of Military becomes sixth president.
1979September 16 -- Gen. Zia ul-Haq of Military becomes sixth president.
Islamic penal code introduced.
Gen. and president Zia ul-Haq of Military hangs First elected Prime Minister of Pakistan Z. A. Bhutto.
1980Gen. and president Zia ul-Haq of Military hangs First elected Prime Minister of Pakistan Z. A. Bhutto.
United
State pledges military assistance following Soviet Union intervention in Afghanistan
1983
Gen. and
president Zia announces that
he will lift the martial law but military will retain the key role in future
governments.
1985
Martial law and ban on political parties lifted.
General elections held under military rule.
Controversial eighth Amendment is passes.
March 24 -- Military chief Zia-ul Haq resigns from prime ministership and Mohammad Khan Junejo (1932-1993) of Pakistan Muslim League become twelfth prime minister.
Gen. Zia ul-Haq of Military President.
1986General elections held under military rule.
Controversial eighth Amendment is passes.
March 24 -- Military chief Zia-ul Haq resigns from prime ministership and Mohammad Khan Junejo (1932-1993) of Pakistan Muslim League become twelfth prime minister.
Gen. Zia ul-Haq of Military President.
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's daughter Benazir Bhotto (born: 1953) returns from exile to lead PPP in campaign for elections.
1988
May 29 -- Military
chief (president) Zia dismisses Prime Minister Mohammad Khan
Junejo's government.
June 9 -- Gen. and president Zia becomes thirteenth prime minister.
Military chief , president and prime minister Zia orders new elections.
August 17 -- Military chief ,president and prime minister Zia, theUS Pakistan
August 17 -- Ghulam Ishaq Khan (born: 1915) becomes seventh President. (Acting president to Dec. 12, 1988.)
Benazir Bhotto'sPakistan
Benazir Bhutto, the eldest child of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto sworn in as first woman Prime Minister of a Muslim nation. She becomes fourteenth prime minister.
December 14 -- Ghulam Ishaq Khan Khan becomes seventh President.
1989June 9 -- Gen. and president Zia becomes thirteenth prime minister.
Military chief , president and prime minister Zia orders new elections.
August 17 -- Military chief ,president and prime minister Zia, the
August 17 -- Ghulam Ishaq Khan (born: 1915) becomes seventh President. (Acting president to Dec. 12, 1988.)
Benazir Bhotto's
Benazir Bhutto, the eldest child of Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto sworn in as first woman Prime Minister of a Muslim nation. She becomes fourteenth prime minister.
December 14 -- Ghulam Ishaq Khan Khan becomes seventh President.
May -- India Pakistan China
1990
August 6 -- Benazir Bhutto's government dismissed on charges of
incompetence and corruption.
August 6 -- Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi (born: 1931) of National People's Party becomes fifteenth Prime Minister (caretaker).
In National election, Benazir Bhutto's PPP lost to coalition of rightist parties.
November 6 -- Jotoi resigns and Mian Nawaz Sharif (born: 1949) ofPakistan
1991August 6 -- Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi (born: 1931) of National People's Party becomes fifteenth Prime Minister (caretaker).
In National election, Benazir Bhutto's PPP lost to coalition of rightist parties.
November 6 -- Jotoi resigns and Mian Nawaz Sharif (born: 1949) of
Islamic Shariah law formally incorporated into legal code.
1992
Nawaz Sharif's government launches campaign to stamp out violence
by supporter of Mohajir Quami Movement (MQM).
1993
April 19 -- President Ishaq Khan dissolves the National and Provincial
Assemblies.
April 18 -- Ishaq Khan selects Mir Balakh Sher Mazari of Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz group) as the seventeenth Prime Minister (caretaker).
May 26 -- Mazari’s tenure as a caretaker Prime Minister ended in May, when the Supreme Court of Pakistan invalidates the presidential order on May 26 and reinstated Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif as the Prime Minister. Nawaz Sharif becomes eighteenth prime minister.
July 18 -- the President, Ghulam Ishaq and the Prime Minister, Mian Nawaz Sharif both resign under pressure from military, thus dissolving all the Central and provincial Assemblies.
July 18 -- Wasim Sajjad (born: 1941) ofPakistan
July 18 -- Moin Qureshi (born: 1930)selected as nineteenth Prime Minister (caretaker).
On October 6th and 9th General Elections were held.
Octorber 19 -- Benazir Bhutto (born: 1953) wins slim margin and took oath as Prime Minister. She becomes twenth prime minister.
On November 13, Presidential election was held.
Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari (born: 1940) of Pakistan People's Party candidate won by 274 to 168 votes against, the then acting President Wasim Sajjad.
November 14 -- Wasim Sajjad resign and Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari of Pakistan Peoples Party elected as eighth President.
1996April 18 -- Ishaq Khan selects Mir Balakh Sher Mazari of Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz group) as the seventeenth Prime Minister (caretaker).
May 26 -- Mazari’s tenure as a caretaker Prime Minister ended in May, when the Supreme Court of Pakistan invalidates the presidential order on May 26 and reinstated Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif as the Prime Minister. Nawaz Sharif becomes eighteenth prime minister.
July 18 -- the President, Ghulam Ishaq and the Prime Minister, Mian Nawaz Sharif both resign under pressure from military, thus dissolving all the Central and provincial Assemblies.
July 18 -- Wasim Sajjad (born: 1941) of
July 18 -- Moin Qureshi (born: 1930)selected as nineteenth Prime Minister (caretaker).
On October 6th and 9th General Elections were held.
Octorber 19 -- Benazir Bhutto (born: 1953) wins slim margin and took oath as Prime Minister. She becomes twenth prime minister.
On November 13, Presidential election was held.
Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari (born: 1940) of Pakistan People's Party candidate won by 274 to 168 votes against, the then acting President Wasim Sajjad.
November 14 -- Wasim Sajjad resign and Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari of Pakistan Peoples Party elected as eighth President.
November 5 -- President Farooq
Leghari dismisses Benazir Bhutto accuses her government of corruption
and nepotism under the Article 58(2) b of the Eighth Amendment.
November 5 -- Miraj Khalid (born: 1916) becomes twenty first prime minister (caretaker).
1997November 5 -- Miraj Khalid (born: 1916) becomes twenty first prime minister (caretaker).
Queen Elizabeth II visits Pakistan Independence Islamabad , Pakistan
Malik Meraj Khalid selected as Caretaker Prime Minister.
On February, National elections held.
February 17 -- Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif becomes twenty second Prime Minister.
February 18 -- Nawaz Sharif obtained a vote of confidence from the National Assembly on February 18.
Controversial Eighth Amendment is repealed, which empowered the president to dismiss the prime ministers.
Passing Thirteenth Am Amendment and the Ehtesab Act, 1997.
December 2 --Because of constitutional crisis, President Farooq Leghari resigned on December 2.
December 2 -- Wasim Sajjad of PML-N becomes tenth President (interim) (second time).
1998Malik Meraj Khalid selected as Caretaker Prime Minister.
On February, National elections held.
February 17 -- Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif becomes twenty second Prime Minister.
February 18 -- Nawaz Sharif obtained a vote of confidence from the National Assembly on February 18.
Controversial Eighth Amendment is repealed, which empowered the president to dismiss the prime ministers.
Passing Thirteenth Am Amendment and the Ehtesab Act, 1997.
December 2 --Because of constitutional crisis, President Farooq Leghari resigned on December 2.
December 2 -- Wasim Sajjad of PML-N becomes tenth President (interim) (second time).
January 1 -- Wasim Sajjad resigns and Mohammad Rafiq
Tarar (born: 1929) of PML-N
becomes eleventh President.
May 28-29 --Pakistan
Nawaz Sharif's government proclaims an emergency on May 28, because of this, all fundamental rights of Pakistani people were suspended and all the foreign currency accounts in Pakistani banks were frozen.
A Ghauri missile (a modified SCVD ballistic missile similar toIndia
Nawaz Sharif introduces the Fifteen Amendment on October 9.
The Fifteen Amendment, which is an effort by Sharif to acquire more powers, soon brought him into serious confrontation with military. This confrontation led to the resignation of General Jehangir Karamat on October 7.
Mohammad Rafiq Tarar (born: 1929) becomes an eleventh President.
1999May 28-29 --
Nawaz Sharif's government proclaims an emergency on May 28, because of this, all fundamental rights of Pakistani people were suspended and all the foreign currency accounts in Pakistani banks were frozen.
A Ghauri missile (a modified SCVD ballistic missile similar to
Nawaz Sharif introduces the Fifteen Amendment on October 9.
The Fifteen Amendment, which is an effort by Sharif to acquire more powers, soon brought him into serious confrontation with military. This confrontation led to the resignation of General Jehangir Karamat on October 7.
Mohammad Rafiq Tarar (born: 1929) becomes an eleventh President.
Feburary 20 -- Indian prime Minister Vajayeee visits Pakistan
In April, Benazir Bhutto and her husband convicted of corruption and given jail sentences.
April 11 --India Wheeler Island Bay of Bengal .
The Kargil Offensive.
The Kargil crisis in its aftermath led to tense relationship between Nawaz Sharif and the military. It was this tense relationship, which culminated in the removal of the Nawaz government by successor of General Karamat (Musharraf ).
October 12 -- Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif overthrown in military coup led by military chief Pervez Musharraf (born: 1943), thus Military Comes to Power Again.
Pakistan
October 12 -- military chief Musharraf becomes the Chief Executive of Pakistan.
In April, Benazir Bhutto and her husband convicted of corruption and given jail sentences.
April 11 --
The Kargil Offensive.
The Kargil crisis in its aftermath led to tense relationship between Nawaz Sharif and the military. It was this tense relationship, which culminated in the removal of the Nawaz government by successor of General Karamat (Musharraf ).
October 12 -- Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif overthrown in military coup led by military chief Pervez Musharraf (born: 1943), thus Military Comes to Power Again.
October 12 -- military chief Musharraf becomes the Chief Executive of Pakistan.
October 14 -- military chief and chief
executive becomes twenty third prime minister.
2000
In April, Nawaz Sharif sentenced to life imprisonment on hijacking
and terrorism charges.
In December, Nawaz Sharif goes into exile inSaudi Arabia
2001In December, Nawaz Sharif goes into exile in
June 20 -- Gen. Pervez Musharraf (born: 1943) of Military dissolved the parliament as a result the figurehead president, Rafiq Tarar vacated his position. Later in the day Gen Pervez Musharraf names himself president while remaining head of the military. He becomes twelfth the President.
July, Gen Musharraf meets Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee in
September -
US lifts some sanctions imposed after
January - Gen. Musharraf announces that elections will be held on
October 2002.
April - Gen. Musharraf of Military wins another five years in office in a referendum criticized as unconstitutional and fraught with irregularities.
May - Pakistani military fires three medium-range surface-to-surface missiles that can carry nuclear warheads.
August - President Musharraf of Military grants himself sweeping new powers, including the right to dismiss an elected parliament. Opposition parties accuse Musharraf of perpetuating dictatorship.
October - General election results in a hung parliament.
November 23 - National Assembly "selects" Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (born: 1944) of Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam Group), a member of a party close to Gen Musharraf of Military, as a twenty fourth prime minister and Musharraf resigns from prime ministership.
April - Gen. Musharraf of Military wins another five years in office in a referendum criticized as unconstitutional and fraught with irregularities.
May - Pakistani military fires three medium-range surface-to-surface missiles that can carry nuclear warheads.
August - President Musharraf of Military grants himself sweeping new powers, including the right to dismiss an elected parliament. Opposition parties accuse Musharraf of perpetuating dictatorship.
October - General election results in a hung parliament.
November 23 - National Assembly "selects" Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali (born: 1944) of Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam Group), a member of a party close to Gen Musharraf of Military, as a twenty fourth prime minister and Musharraf resigns from prime ministership.
2004
Shaukat Aziz Becomes Prime Minister [2004]
Shaukat Aziz became the 23rd Prime Minister of Pakistan on August 23, 2004 after he won two National Assembly seats from Attock and Tharparkar on August 18 by-elections and took oath as Member of National Assembly on August 20. He retained the Attock seat, he took over the charge of premiership of Pakistan from Chaudury Shujaat Hussain who remains the President of Muslim League (QA).
He was born in Karachi on March 6, 1949 and received his early education at Saint Patrick’s School, Karachi and Abbottabad Public School. He was awarded the Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree in 1969 at the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi. He joined the Citibank in 1969, Karachi and served overseas in 1975, holding higher positions in several countries including USA, UK, Malaysia, Singapore and Saudi Arabia. He was appointed Executive Vice President of Citibank in 1992 and till he joined the Government of Pakistan as Finance Minister in 1999. Well regarded by global financiers, Shaukat Aziz is, indeed, President Pervez Musharraf's choice for the top post.
Shaukat Aziz who has retained the Ministry of Finance is regarded as an optimist who is determined to use Pakistan's potential and bring Pakistan at par with other Asian countries like China, Thailand, Malaysia and other regional economic giants. He looks for a bright future for Pakistan if its human capital and resources are utilized positively. After taking oath as Member of the National Assembly, Shaukat Aziz has also declared that efforts would be made for provision of good governance, improvement in legal and police systems and provision of opportunities to the people, especially the common man. Analysts say his main duties as premier will be to improve the day-to-day running of the federal government and see that policies are more effectively executed. Many people attribute Pakistan’s economic revival to his prudent policies, while others claim it was the global situation that made it possible. Some others argue that his policies did more harm than good by marginalizing the common man as the poverty level failed to decline. It is, however, hoped that Mr. Aziz who is the choice of a section of Pakistan's rulers will win friends in the international financial institutions.
Although Shaukat Aziz is expected to come up with more concrete relief due to his finance management skill and stress on macroeconomics, Shaukat Aziz will have to take quick steps on the path of learning the intricacies of both the global and national politics. It is an area that is full of pitfalls and various blind alleys. No spiritual or political academy or any book is likely to give him readymade guidelines about unpredictable turns and situations likely to come his way. He is sure to succeed if he is convinced to apply the tricks of the "trade".
Shaukat Aziz became the 23rd Prime Minister of Pakistan on August 23, 2004 after he won two National Assembly seats from Attock and Tharparkar on August 18 by-elections and took oath as Member of National Assembly on August 20. He retained the Attock seat, he took over the charge of premiership of Pakistan from Chaudury Shujaat Hussain who remains the President of Muslim League (QA).
He was born in Karachi on March 6, 1949 and received his early education at Saint Patrick’s School, Karachi and Abbottabad Public School. He was awarded the Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree in 1969 at the Institute of Business Administration (IBA), Karachi. He joined the Citibank in 1969, Karachi and served overseas in 1975, holding higher positions in several countries including USA, UK, Malaysia, Singapore and Saudi Arabia. He was appointed Executive Vice President of Citibank in 1992 and till he joined the Government of Pakistan as Finance Minister in 1999. Well regarded by global financiers, Shaukat Aziz is, indeed, President Pervez Musharraf's choice for the top post.
Shaukat Aziz who has retained the Ministry of Finance is regarded as an optimist who is determined to use Pakistan's potential and bring Pakistan at par with other Asian countries like China, Thailand, Malaysia and other regional economic giants. He looks for a bright future for Pakistan if its human capital and resources are utilized positively. After taking oath as Member of the National Assembly, Shaukat Aziz has also declared that efforts would be made for provision of good governance, improvement in legal and police systems and provision of opportunities to the people, especially the common man. Analysts say his main duties as premier will be to improve the day-to-day running of the federal government and see that policies are more effectively executed. Many people attribute Pakistan’s economic revival to his prudent policies, while others claim it was the global situation that made it possible. Some others argue that his policies did more harm than good by marginalizing the common man as the poverty level failed to decline. It is, however, hoped that Mr. Aziz who is the choice of a section of Pakistan's rulers will win friends in the international financial institutions.
Although Shaukat Aziz is expected to come up with more concrete relief due to his finance management skill and stress on macroeconomics, Shaukat Aziz will have to take quick steps on the path of learning the intricacies of both the global and national politics. It is an area that is full of pitfalls and various blind alleys. No spiritual or political academy or any book is likely to give him readymade guidelines about unpredictable turns and situations likely to come his way. He is sure to succeed if he is convinced to apply the tricks of the "trade".
0 comments:
Post a Comment